Introduces the concept of Software 3.0, where prompts are used as programs to instruct large language models.

LLMs are “people spirits”: stochastic simulations of people.

  • Software is changing : Karpathy argues that software development is undergoing a fundamental shift, similar to changes that happened twice before in the last few years.

  • Software 3.0: He introduces the concept of Software 3.0, where prompts are used as programs to instruct large language models (LLMs).

  • LLMs as Operating Systems : Karpathy draws an analogy between LLMs and operating systems, highlighting their complexity and the way they manage resources.

  • Partial Autonomy Apps : He discusses the rise of partially autonomous applications that combine traditional interfaces with LLM integration.

  • Vibe Coding : Karpathy touches on the idea of vibe coding, where natural language is used to program computers, making programming more accessible. Building for Agents: Build software infrastructure that can be easily accessed and manipulated by AI agents.